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This chapter is divided into three main parts focusing on various aspects of cryptography and network security. Initially, it introduces fundamental cryptography techniques used for encrypting communications, authenticating parties, and ensuring message integrity. The latter sections delve into applying these principles to develop secure networking protocols across different layers and discuss operational security measures like firewalls and intrusion detection systems to protect organizational networks.

 This week I learned about the link layer. The link layer features two primary types of channels: broadcast and point-to-point. Broadcast channels, used in wireless LANs, satellite networks, and hybrid fiber-coaxial cable networks, connect multiple hosts to a single communication medium and require a medium access protocol to manage transmission coordination. This coordination can be managed by a central controller or through decentralized host coordination. Conversely, point-to-point links, such as those between routers or a computer and its Ethernet switch, utilize simpler coordination mechanisms detailed in protocols like PPP, which is versatile enough for both dial-up and high-speed fiber-optic connections.

      This week I learned about the control place, which is the network wide logic. The control plane controls how a datagram is routed along an end-to-end path from the source host to the destination host, and how network layer components are managed.       I learned about traditional routing algorithms  such as OSPF, BGP.       I also learned about the SDN controller which acts as a controller. The SDN creates a separation between the data and control planes, creates control-plane functions in a separate “controller” service that is different, and remote from the forwarding components of the routers it manages.     Lastly, i learned about vital parts of managing an IP network. These are ICMP and SNMP.